The 'Kitāb Al-Miḥan', a Book on Muslim Martyrology

Mihan.pdf THE "KITAB MUSLIM AL-MIHAN", A BOOK ON MARTYROLOGY By M. J. KISTER E. G. Browne mentions in his Hand-list oj Muhammadan MSS. oj the University of Cambridge (Cambridge, 1900), pp. 265-6, no. 1277, a manuscript marked Qq 235 named Kitab aI-Mihan. In his description Browne provides us with the details of the MS.: it contains 180 folios of 20'4 x 14'7 cm, and 17 lines on every page. It is written in fine bold naskh, fairly ancient, and is not dated. It is divided into five parts. The incipit recorded by Browne runs as follows: ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲﻣﺌﻞ.ﻗﺎﻝ..ﻗﺎﻝﺍﻟﻐﺮﻭﻯ.ﺣﻤﺪﺑﻦﻣﺤﻤﺪﺑﻦﺗﻤﻴﻢﺟﻌﻔﺮﺃﺑﻮﺣﻠﺪﺛﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻎﺍﻻﻣﺜﻞﺛﻢﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀﻗﺎﻝﺑﻼﺀﺃﻧﻨﻤﺪﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﺃﻱﻭﺳﻠﻢﻋﻠﻴﻪﺍﻟﻠﻪﻣﻠﻰ‬ and the colophon is recorded as follows: _‫••.ﻣﻔﻮﻩﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﻠﻪﻣﺒﺎﺩﺃﻓﻘﺮﻩﻧﺤﺐﻥﺍﻟﻤﻪﺑﺤﺘﺎﺏﺁﺧﺮﻭﻫﻮﻣﺴﻰﺍﻟﺬﺍﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀﺁﺫ‬ ‫ﺑﻦﺍﺳﻌﻖ••ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮ.ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺨﻪ•••ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻴﺴﻲﺟﺎﺑﺮﺑﻦﺭﺍﻧﺌﺪﺑﻦﻋﻠﻲﺑﻦﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﻲﺑﻦﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ The owner of the MS. in the tenth century of the hijra wrote on the title page: ‫ﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻯﺑﻌﻨﺮﻷﺑﻲﺍ~ﻥﻟ‬ This is however misleading: Abu Ja'far al-Qarawi (not alFarawI) is not the author of the book; he is merely the rawl, the transmitter. The author of the book is Abu l-'Arab Mul}.ammad b. Al).mad b. Tamim b. Tammam b. Tamlm al-TamImi (d. 333/ 944-5),1 AI-Qac,lI 'Iyac,l mentions explicitly this compilation of Abu 1-'Arab;2 he records as well that the author's son Abu Sezgin, C.A.S. I, 356-7. The K. al-Mipan is not listed by I See on him Sezgin. 2 AI-Qa<;li 'Iya<;l, Tartlb al-madarik wa-taqrib al-masalik Ii-ma'rifat a'lam madhhab Malik, ed. Al:tmad Bakir Mal:tmud (Beirut- Tarabulus, Libya, 1388/1968), III, 335, l. 6. 210 THE" KIT AB AL-MIHAN" Ja'far Tamim transmitted his books. I The compilation is listed in Ibn Abi Khayr's Fihrist,2 and it is clearly recorded that the book was transmitted by Abu l-'Arab's son Abu Ja'far Tamim b. Muhammad.r In the manuscript itself the authorship of Abu l-'Arab is fully attested in almost every isntid.4 The full title of the book is given in fols. 74b ult.-75a, 11.1-3: ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﻦﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ_ﻥﻗﺘﻞﻣﻦﺭﺓﻭﺫﻙﺍﻟﻤﻌﻦﻟﺤﺘﺎﺏﻣﻦﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻴﺎﺭﻫﻢﻭ.ﺷﺮﺍﻓﻬﻢﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ«ﻥﺣﺒﺴﺮﻭ»ﻥﻓﺮﺏﻭ»ﻥﺍ~ﻥ<ﻥﻭﺫﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫•ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲﺗﻤﻴﻢﻥ0ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ.ﺑﻲﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬ A passage from the Kittib al-Miban is quoted by al-QacJi 'Iya<;l.6 Some passages in al-Qadi 'Iya<;l's compilation bear close resemblance with the reports recorded in the K. al-Miban, although 'Iyad does not mention that they are derived from this compilation.? The traditions recorded by Abu l-'Arab are provided with isntids. Some of the accounts can, according to the isndd«, be traced to very early sources: many traditions about the battle of the Harra are quoted from Waqidi's Kittib al-Harra; the lengthy list of those killed in the battle of the Harra'' is traced back to al-Waqidi (d. 207/822-3), who states that he copied it from a compilation of Ibrahim b. Isma'Il b. Abi Habiba (d. 165/781-2),9 entitled T asmiyat man qutila bi-l-barra; Ibrahim remarked that he I 2 Ibid. p. 336, n. lZ-I3. Ed. F. Codera and J. Ribera y Tarrago (Madrid, repr. Baghdad, 1963), p. 301. 3 Ibid. p. 301, and see p. Z97; Abu I-'Arab's Manaqib Sapniin was transmitted by his son Abu Ja'far Tamim. 4 See e.g. fo1. rb: s",;AJI] s",;.I1 ...I.o..o.f 01 ~ 01 ~ ~ -'If ~J.:,.. l.:JJ.:,.. Jli ~I ~ 01...I.o..o.f 01 .ill I 0\..0..0.) r...s;jJ,;... \.I-f : Jli [i~' text ..~·i ... ~ 01...1.0..0.1 .. ..w.... 5 The headline of the section 77b-78a: fa-amma sababu qatli kumayli bni ziyadin al-nakha'i. 78 a-b: dhikru qatli mahana bni abi !jalil;linwa-salbihi. 78 b-88a: dhikru qatli sa'Idi bni jubayrin rahimahu llahu. 88a-89a: dhikru qatli abi firasi bni 'abdi llahi bni ghalib. 89a-b: dhikru qatli sulaymana bni rabi'ata l-bahiliyyi wa-dhikru qatli ghayrihi min jama'ati ahli l-'ilm. 89b-9oa: dhikru qatli ummi waraqata bni naufal. 9oa-b: dhikru qatli muhammadi bni 'abdi llahi bni husaynin wahusayni bni 'aliyyi bni husayni bni 'aliyyi bni abi ralib. 90b: dhikru man qatalahu l-azariqatu wa-l-khawarij, 90 b-9 1a: maqtalu silata bni ashyama wa-qurrata bni iyas. 91 a-b: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi shariku bnu 'abdi llahi l-qac,li. 91 b: dhikru qatli sumayyin, wa-sumayyun maula abi bakr. 91 b-94b: dhikru man qutila bi-qudayd. 94b: dhikru qatli hafsi bni l-walidi wa-shurayhi bni hani' waghayrihi. 95a-b: dhikru man suliba ba'da I-qatl. 95 b ult'-96a: wa-mimma ruwiya Oman suliba, 96a-b: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi 'abdu llahi bnu 'abdi llahi bni 'abdi l-hakami wa-ikhwatuhu. 96 b-98 a: dhikru man suqiya l-samma min ashrafi l-nasi wa-ahli l-'ilm. 98a-b: qatlu salimi bni abi I-ja'di wa-hudbata bni l-khashram. 99a-Iooa: dhikru qatli I-mar'ati l-balja'i wa-sabriha. rooa: dhikru qatli ishaqa bni l-ash'ath. tco a-b: dhikru qadi 'imrana bni 'ammarin al-c,luba'i. roo s-ror e: dhikru sababi qadi bni c,labi'in al-tamimi, ror a: qatlu yiinusa bni maysarata bni halbasin- wa-walidi abi mishar. ror a penuln--roz e: qatlu rabi'ata bni yazida wa-ghayrihi min ahli l-'Hmi wa-I-khayr. toz.a-acq a: dhikru qatli 'uqbata bni nafi'in al-fihriyyi l-mustajab waghayrihi. 107a-I08a: sababu darbi abi bakrata wa-shibli bni ma'badin wa-'abdi llahi bni l-harith, I 3 In text ~ Intext~. . 1 or ~1.,). . 1. 1.,). 2 See p. 211, n. 5. 214 THE "KITAB AL-MIHAN" Fol. Io8a-b: sababu darbi hashimi bni 'utbata bni abi waqqas, Io8b-109a: dhikru rna nazala bi-abi sa'Idin al-khudri. I09a: dhikru darbi tamimin al-dari, I09a-II 5a: wa-amma sa'Idu bnu I-musayyibi fa-innahu duriba marratayni 'ala l-bay'a. I I 5a-b: dhikru darbi muhammadi bni 'amri bni l-'a~. II 5 b- II 6 a: dhikru darbi 'aliyyi bni 'abdi llahi bni 'abbas. II6a-II7b: wa-amma sababu darbi I-musayyabi bni nujbata 1fazari, II7b-II8a: dhikru darbi 'abdi l-rahmani bni abi Iayla wa-wahbi bni munabbih. II8b-II9a: dhikru sababi darbi muhammadi bni l-munkadir. II9a-I2oa: dhikru ma nazala bi-hasani bni husayni bni 'aliyyi bni abi talibin min al-hajja], 12.0a: dhikru darbi abi bakri bni muhammadi bni 'amri bni hazmin qac;liI-madina. t zob: dhikru ma nazala bi-abi bakrin 'abdi Ilahi bni yazida bni hurmuz. 12.ob-I2.Ia: dhikru darbi ya~ya bni abi kathlrin wa-muhammadi bni 'imrana bni talha. 12.Ia-b: dhikru darbi qatadata bni di'amata wa-nafyihi. I 2. I b- 12. 5a: dhikru darbi maliki bni anasin rahirnahu llah. 12.5a-I26a: dhikru [darbi] 'abdi llahi bni 'aun. I26b: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi ghalibu bnu 'ubaydi llah. 12.7a:, dhikru sababi darbi 'atiyyata bni qays. 12.7a-b: dhikru rna rntuhina bihi 'ata'u bnu abi rabah. 12.7b-I28a: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi ya1:,lya bnu ya'mar. 12.8a-b: dhikru habsi l-yamani wa-ibrahima l-taymiyyi wa-salihi bni abl ~alih. I28b-I2.9a: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi muhammadu bnu wasi'in waibrahimu bnu adham. 12.9a-b: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi muhammadu bnu l-hanafiyya, 12.9b-130b: dhikru rna rntuhina bihi sa'sa'atu bnu ~Uhan. 13ob: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi 'abdu llahi bnu razin. 130 b- 13 I a: dhikru rna tuhuddida bihi abii hurayra. 13 I a-b: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi muharnmadu bnu maslamata sahibu l-nabiyyi salla llahu 'alayhi wa-sallam. 131 b-132.a: dhikru habsi fuqaha'i makkata lamma habasahum khalidu l-qasri. 132. a-b: dhikru sababi habsi jundabi bni zuhayrin al-azdiyyi, wayuqalu lahu jundabu l-khayr. 132. b-I 33 b: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi 'umaru bnu 'abdi l-'azizi min al-walid. 133b-l34a: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi abii dharr rahimahu llah, 134a: dhikru habsi miisa bni talha, 134a-135a: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi tawiisu bnu kaysana l-yamani. 2 15 15-2 THE "KITAB AL-MIHAN" Fol. 135 a-b: dhikru darbi safwana bni sulaym. 135 b-136a: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi marwanu abii 'isa wa-ibrahlmu bnu l-walid. 136a: dhikru habsi ibrahima bni l-walidi bni ibrahlma bni l-walid; dhikru ma mtuhina bihi riyahu bnu yazlda l-lakhmi. 136b: dhikru habsi 'amri bni l-zubayri bni l-fawwam. 136b-I37a: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi abu muslimin al-khaulanl lamma ulqiya fi l-nar, 137 b: dhikru rna mtuhinat bihi maymunatu wa-sulaymanu l-taymi. 137b-138a: dhikru darbi l-rajuli l-'iraqiyyi wa-darbi l-hasani bni hani'i bni l-ash'ath. 138a-139a: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi ja'faru bnu muhammadin rahimahu llah. 139a-b: dhikru sababi habsi jariri bni 'abdi l-hamidi l-dabbi, I 39b-140a: dhikrumamtuhina bihiqaysu bnu 'abbadin wa-abu turab. I4oa-b: dhikru sababi darbi l-dahhaki bni 'ahdi llahi bni 'amri bni hazm. 140b-I4la: dhikru darbi abi ishaqa l-fazari, 141 a: dhikru darbi 'aliyyi bni ziyadin al-iskandaranl, 14Ia-b: dhikrudarbi 'uthmana bni 'abdi llahi bni rafi'. 141 b- 142.b: (The heading of this section is erased and illegible.) 142.b-143a: dhikru darbi rnuhammadi bni sa'idi bni l'musayyibi wabni ishaqa ~iihibi l-maghazl, 143a-b: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi 'abdu l-rahmani bnu abi nu'aym. 143 b-144b: dhikru darbi abi maymunata l-muhaddithi wa-ma nazala bi-hutayta. 144b-145 a: dhikru darbi 'abdi l-rahmani bni 'abdi Hahi l-jumahiyyi wa-thiibitin al-bunani. 145 a-146a: dhikru ma mtuhina fihi zaydu bnu l-hasani bni 'aliyyin radiya Ilahu 'anhu. 146a-148b: dhikru ma rntuhina bihi 'abdu llahi bnu hudhafata l-sahmi, 148b-149a: dhikru man hubisa bi-l-madinati min al-sahaba, 149a: dhikru rna mtuhina hihi mu'awiyatu bnu qurrata wa-sababi nafyihi wa-nafyi ghayrihi. 149a-b: dhikru sababi [habsi] abi sufyana bni harbin wa-taqyidihi. 149 b-l 5 a: dhikru habsi jabiri bni zaydin wa-taqyidihi. 15oa: sababu darbi abi l-sawwari l-'adawi. 150a ult.-b: dhikru darbi 'abbasi bni sahli bni sa'd. I 5ob-1 5I b: dhikru sababi habsi ibrahima l-taymi. 151b-I 53a: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi sulaymanu hnu yasarin wa-'abdu l-rahmani bnu abi dhi'b. 153a-b: dhikru sababi darbi ibrahima I-nakha'iyyi wa-khtiIa'ihi min al-hajjaj, 153b-I54a: dhikru ma mtuhina hihi ahu 'ubaydata hnu 'ahdi llahi hni mas'udin min al-hajjaj, ° 216 THE "KIT AB AL-MIHAN" Fol. 154a-b: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi 'iraku bnu mali kin wa-abu qabll. 154 b ult.- 155a: dhikru habsi talqi bni habibin wa-taubata 1-'anbari. 155 a: dhikru darbi khalidi bni l-lajlaji wa-l- 'aliyyi bni abi l-zubayr. 155 a-b: dhikru l-sha'biyyi wa-abl l-sawwari idh utiya bihima l-hajjaju asirayni. 156a-b: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi 'abdu llahi bnu 'umara bni hafsi bni 'a~imi bni 'umara bni l-khattabi radiya llahu 'anhu. 156b-l57a: dhikru hurubi rnujahidi bni jubayrin a1-'atakiyyi wahilali bni khabbab. 157a-b: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi muhammadu bnu 'ajlan. r 57b-l 58a: dhikru sababi habsi 'abdi llahi bni idrisa wa- 'abdi l-rahmani bni mahdi. 158a: dhikru ma nazala bi-'aliyyi bni mushir. 158 a-b: dhikru darbi qabusa bni abl zabyana wa-bni kasib. 158b-159a: dhikru khtifa'i l-hasani wa-hurubih. 159a: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi l-fadlu bnu nazwan (?) 159a-b: dhikru sababi darbi 'abdi llahi bni zaydi bni zabyan. 159b-160a: dhikru hishami bni 'ammarin wa-darbi malikin lahu. 16oa-16Ia: dhikru stikhfa'i sufyana l-thauriyyi wa-ma mtuhina bihi l-hasanu bnu ~alih. 161a ult.-b: dhikru ma mtuhina bihi min al-khaufi 'abdu llahi bnu abi zakariya wa-abu asidin wa-abu makhramata wa-sadaqatu bnu yasar, 16za-b: dhikru habsi muhammadi bni sirina wa-man khatama l-hajjaju 'ala yadihi au 'unuqihi. 16zb-163b: dhikru sababi darbi l-bahluli bni rashid. 164a-b: dhikru sababi darbi fityani 'abdi llahi bni l-samhi l-tujibl. 164b-165 a: dhikru sababi darbi 'abbasi bni l-walldi l-farisiyyi 1muhaddithi wa-bni qadim. 165 a-166a: dhikru man duriba fi l-qur'ani wa-mtuhina 'ala dhalika wa-sujina. 166a-169a: fa-amma darbu ahmada bni hanbalin rahimahu llahu. 169a-17oa: wa-mimman ajaba bi-lisanihi fi l-mihnati wa-ra'a anna l-taqiyyata tasa'uhu. 17oa-Qza: wa-mimman tasallaba fi l-mihnati wa-lam ya'khudh bi-1taqiyyati. 17za-174b: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi musa bnu mu'awiyata 1sumadihiyyu wa-sahnunu bnu sa'idin al-tanukhi. 174b-175 a: dhikru rna mtuhina bihi marwanu bnu abi shahma, 175 a: dhikru man duriba min a'immati l-dini wa-khiyari hadhihi l-ummati min ahli madinati l-nabiyyi salla llahu 'alayhi wa-sallam. 175 b: wa-Iladhina duribu min ahli l-kiifa; wa-lladhina duribu min ahli l-basra ; wa-Iladhina duribu min ahli l-shami wa-misr, 175 b ult.-176a:wa-lladhina duribu min ahli 1-yamani wa-ghayriha min al-buldan, 176a: wa-lladhina duribu min ahli ifriqiyya, 21 7 THE "KITAB AL-MIHAN" Pols. 176a penult.-I77b: wa-lladhina hubisu min al-akabiri wa-ghayrihim min al-salafi l-madi. 177b-179b: dhikru rna nazala bi-qudati bni talibin wa-hukkarnihi fi l-buldan. 179b-I80a: dhikru man habasahu muhammadu bnu 'umara lmarwa[ z]iyyu wa-darabahu, I 8oa: dhikru man habasahu ishaqu bnu abi minhalin au darabahu, Some of the folios of the MS. are confused: fo1. zb is continued on fo1. ¥; fo1. I03b is continued on fo1. I05a, while fo1. 10¥ is continued from fo1. I05b. Folio 104b is continued on fo1. ro6a. It is evident from the above list that Abu l-'Arab's Mi/;an is the most comprehensive compilation of this kind. It contains reports about assassinations, murders, revolts, rebellions, Khtiriji activities, flogging of scholars and religious leaders by unjust rulers, poisoning, persecutions of the pious by cruel governors, etc. It is very rich in information, and may contribute to a better understanding of the various nonconformist religiopolitical movements during the first three centuries of Islam. ssrt 218