Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
Djāriya b. Ḳudāma al-Tamīmī al-Saʿdī
Article languages: אנגלית
DjariyaEI.pdf DjÄriya b. ḲudÄma b. Zuhayr (or: b. MÄlik b. Zuhayr) b. al-Ḥuá¹£ayn b. RizÄḥ b. AsÊ¿ad b. Budjayr (or: Shudjayr) b. RabÄ«Ê¿a, AbÅ« AyyÅ«b (or: AbÅ« ḲudÄma, or: AbÅ« YazÄ«d) al-TamÄ«mÄ«, al-SaÊ¿dÄ«, nicknamed âal-Muḥarriḳâ, âthe
Burnerââwas a Companion of the Prophet (about the identity of DjÄriya b. ḲudÄma with Djuwayriya b. ḲudÄma see TahdhÄ«b, ii, 54, 125, and Iá¹£Äba, i, 227, 276). DjÄriya gained his fame as a staunch supporter of ÉAlÄ« b. AbÄ« ṬÄlib. According to a tradition quoted by Ibn SaÉd (ṬabaḳÄt, vii/1, 38) DjÄriya witnessed the attempt at the assassination of ÉUmar; later, he was in Baá¹£ra when the forces of Ṭalḥa and al-Zubayr entered the city. He harshly reproached ÉÄÉisha (al-ṬabarÄ«, ed. Cairo 1939, iii, 482; al-ImÄma wa ʾl-SiyÄsa, ed. Cairo 1331 A.H., i, 60), and took part in the battle of the Camel with ÉAlÄ« (although his tribe, the SaÉd, remained neutral); he was given command of the SaÉd and the RibÄb of Baá¹£ra in the battle of á¹¢iffÄ«n and distinguished himself in this battle (Naá¹£r b. MuzÄḥim: Waḳʿat á¹¢iffÄ«n, 153, 295, ed. Beirut). He seems to have approved the idea of arbitration and was among the delegation of the heads of TamÄ«m who tried to mitigate al-AshÉath and the Azd (alMubarrad, al-KÄmil (ed. Wright) 539). DjÄriya remained faithful to ÉAlÄ« after the arbitration and supported him in his struggle against the KhawÄridj: he was at the head of the troop levied with difficulty by ÉAbd AllÄh b. ÉAbbÄs from Baá¹£ra (37 A.H.) and dispatched to fight the KhawÄrid̲j̲ (al-ṬabarÄ«, iv, 58; Caetani, Annali, x, 85). He remained faithful when the influence of ÉAlÄ« began to shrink and ÉAlÄ« was deserted by his friends. After his conquest of Egypt MuÉÄwiya, being aware of the peculiar situation in Baá¹£ra in which the differences between the tribal groups were acute and the partisans of ÉAlÄ« not numerous, decided to wrest the city from ÉAlÄ«. The details about these events holding ÉIrÄḳ are provided by al-BalÄdhurÄ«'s AnsÄb al-As̲h̲rÄf among other sources (fols. 206b-209a). MuÉÄwiya sent to Baá¹£ra (in 38
A.H.) his emissary, ÉAbd AllÄh b. ÉÄmir (or b. ÉAmr) al-Ḥa ramÄ«, in order to win the hearts of the BanÅ« TamÄ«m in Baá¹£ra. He gained in fact the protection of the BanÅ« TamÄ«m. The deputy prefect of, Baá¹£ra ZiyÄd b. AbÄ«hi, was compelled to seek protection for himself with the Azd in Baá¹£ra. ÉAlÄ« sent his emissary, AÉyan b. ubayÉa al-
MudjÄshiÉÄ«, in order to prevent the fall of the city into the hands of MuÉÄwiya; he was, however, killed by a group of men said to have been KhÄridjites (although the version of the participation of ÉAbd AllÄh Ibn al-Ḥa ramÄ« seems to be plausible). ZiyÄd asked ÉAlÄ« to send to Baá¹£ra DjÄriya b. ḲudÄma who was highly respected in his tribe (Ibn Abi ÉlḤadÄ«d, S̲h̲arḥ Nahdj al-BalÄgha, i, 353). DjÄriya arrived at Baá¹£ra with a troop of 50 warriors (or 500âsee al-ṬabarÄ«, iv, 85; or 1000 or 1500âsee AnsÄb, fol. 208b), met ZiyÄd b. AbÄ«hi, rallied the followers of ÉAlÄ«, succeeded in winning the hearts of groups of TamÄ«m who joined him, attacked the forces of Ibn al-Ḥa ramÄ« and defeated them. Ibn al-Ḥa ramÄ« retreated with a group of 70 followers to a fortified SÄsÄnid castle belonging to a TamÄ«mÄ« called SunbÄ«l (or á¹¢unbÄ«l). DjÄriya besieged the castle, ordered wood to be placed around it and set the wood on fire. Ibn al-Ḥa ramÄ« and his followers were burnt alive. There are controversial traditions about the course of the encounter between DjÄriya and Ibn al-Ḥa ramÄ« (see AnsÄb, fol. 208b). According to a rather curious tradition (refuted by al-BalÄdhurÄ«), DjÄriya came to Baá¹£ra as an emissary of MuÉÄwiya together with Ibn al-Ḥa ramÄ«, but forsook him however in Baá¹£ra (AnsÄb, fol. 209a). After the victory of DjÄriya, ZiyÄd returned to the residence of the Governor of Baá¹£ra. The authority of ÉAlÄ« was thus secured in Baá¹£ra. ZiyÄd b. AbÄ«hi praised in his letter to ÉAlÄ« the action of DjÄriya and described him as the ârighteous servantâ (al-Ê¿abd al-á¹£Äliḥ). It was DjÄriya who advised ÉAlÄ« in 39 A.H. to send ZiyÄd to the province of FÄrs to quell the rebellion of the Persians who refused to pay their taxes (al-ṬabarÄ«, iv, 105).
According to Ibn KathÄ«r (cf. Ibn al-AthÄ«r, al-KÄmil, iii, 165), the revolt was caused by the brutal action of burning committed by DjÄriya (al-BidÄya, vii, 320). DjÄriya fought his last fight in the service of ÉAlÄ« against Busr b. AbÄ« Ará¹Ät [q.v.] in 40 A.H. When the tidings about the expedition of Busr reached ÉAlÄ«, he dispatched DjÄriya with a troop of 2000 men to pursue Busr (another troop under the command of Wahb b. MasÉÅ«d was also dispatched by ÉAlÄ«). DjÄriya, following Busr, reached the Yemen (so al-BalÄdhurÄ«, AnsÄb 211b; according to al-ṬabarÄ«, iv, 107, he reached NadjrÄn) and severely punished the partisans of MuÉÄwiya. Pursuing the retreating Busr, DjÄriya arrived at Mecca and was told that ÉAlÄ« had been killed. He compelled the people of Mecca to swear allegiance to the Caliph who would be elected by the followers of ÉAlÄ«. In Medina he compelled the people to swear allegiance to Ḥasan b. ÉAlÄ«. In the time of MuÉÄwiya there was a reconciliation between DjÄriya and MuÉÄwiya. Anecdotal stories report about the talks between DjÄriya and MuÉÄwiya (al-NaḳÄʾiá¸, ed. Bevan, 608; al-BalÄdhurÄ«, AnsÄb, fol. 358b; al-DjÄhiáº, al-BayÄn, ii, 186; al-Mubarrad, alKÄmil, ed Wright, 40). According to a fairly reliable tradition in al-BalÄdhurÄ«'s AnsÄb (fol. 1048b), MuÉÄwiya granted DjÄriya a large fee of 900 djarÄ«b. DjÄriya died in Baá¹£ra. His funeral was attended by al-Aḥnaf. (M.J. Kister) Bibliography BukhÄrÄ«, TaʾrÄ«kh, i/2 (ed. ḤayderÄbÄd 1362 A.H.) 236, 240 (N. 2309, 2325) al-DhahabÄ«, TaʾrÄ«kh, ii, 182, 187 Ibn ÉAsÄkir, TaʾrÄ«kh, ed. 1331 A.H., iii, 223
Wellhausen, The Arab kingdom, 100 Ibn al-KalbÄ«, Djamhara, Ms. Br. Mus., fol, 82a Ibn Durayd, IshtiḳÄḳ, (ed. ÉAbd al-SalÄm HÄrÅ«n), 253 al-BalÄdhurÄ«, AnsÄb al-AshrÄf, fols. 206b-209a, 211a, 366a, 358b, 1048b, 1130b Muḥammad b. ḤabÄ«b, al-Muḥabbar, index al-Mubarrad, al-KÄmil, index Ibn al-AthÄ«r, al-KÄmil (ed. Cairo 1301 A.H.), iii, 156, 165-7 Ibn KathÄ«r, al-BidÄya, vii, 316, 322, 320 Ibn SaÉd, ṬabaḳÄt, index al-YaÉḳūbÄ«, TaʾrÄ«kh, index al-ÉAsḳalÄnÄ«, TahdhÄ«b al-tahdhÄ«b, s.v. DjÄriya and Djuwayriya al-ÉAsḳalÄnÄ«, al-Iá¹£Äba, s.v. DjÄriya and Djuwayriya al-MarzubÄnÄ«, MuÊ¿djam al-ShuÊ¿arÄʾ, (ed. Krenkow), 306 Muir, The Caliphate, Edinburgh 1924, 280 ṬÄhÄ á¸¤usayn, Ê¿AlÄ« wa-banÅ«hu, 143-6, 150-1 al-ṬabarÄ«, index For a tradition of DjÄriya and its parallels, see: DjÄmiÉ Ibn Wahb (ed. David-Weill) 54, 106
Ibn Abi Él-ḤadÄ«d, Sharḥ Nahdj al-BalÄgha, ed. 1329 A.H. [Print Version: Volume II, page 480, column 2] Citation: Kister, M. J. âDjÄriya b. ḲudÄma b. Zuhayr (or: b. MÄlik b. Zuhayr) b. al-Ḥuá¹£ayn b. RizÄḥ b. AsÉad b. Budjayr (or: Shudjayr) b. RabÄ«Éa, AbÅ« AyyÅ«b (or: AbÅ« ḲudÄma, or: AbÅ« YazÄ«d) al-TamÄ«mÄ«, al-SaÉdÄ«.â Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; and W. P. Heinrichs.